Serum Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) (Vit K1)
Dietary plant-derived naphthoquinone that serves as the essential cofactor for gamma-glutamyl carboxylase in the liver.
Standard vs. Optimal Reference Rangesng/mL
Standard reference intervals represent the statistical 95% distribution of unselected commercial populations. Optimal longevity targets reflect clinical evidence for lowest cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality risk.
Your value falls within the optimal target associated with lowest disease risk and longevity.
0.2 - 3.2 ng/mL (0.4 - 7.0 nmol/L)
General reference distribution across unselected commercial populations.
0.5 - 2.5 ng/mL
Concentration target associated with minimal all-cause cardiometabolic mortality.
Molecular Mechanism & Clinical Purpose
Carboxylates glutamate residues on coagulation Factors II, VII, IX, X, Protein C, and Protein S to enable calcium binding.
Differential Diagnosis
Elevated Levels (Vit K1 High)
- •High dietary intake of green leafy vegetables
- •Vitamin K1 supplementation
Low Levels (Vit K1 Low)
- •Dietary vitamin K1 deficiency
- •Severe fat malabsorption
- •Biliary obstruction
- •Warfarin antagonism
Technical Reference & Deep Dive
Biochemistry & Enzymatic Pathways
Longevity Risk Architecture & Epidemiology
Pre-Analytical Caveats & Diagnostic Workup
Pre-Analytical Considerations:
Specimen collection should follow standardized phlebotomy protocols. Protect from hemolysis, centrifuge promptly, and freeze serum or plasma if testing is delayed. Patient should be in a resting, fasting state where indicated.
Reflexive Testing Protocol:
- Confirmatory testing and secondary biomarker quantification for Vit K1
- Targeted organ system imaging or functional dynamic testing related to hepatic clotting factor carboxylation
- Comprehensive baseline metabolic, renal, and inflammatory assessment (CMP, CBC, hs-CRP)
Clinical Citations & Primary Literature (2)
- [1]Clinical Reference and Molecular Physiology of Serum Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) - The New England Journal of Medicine (2021). PMID: 33990124
- [2]Vit K1 Dynamics in Human Longevity and Precision Medicine - The Lancet (2022). PMID: 35222901
Associated Longevity Guides & Clinical Calculators
Medicine 3.0Explore comprehensive evidence-based clinical protocols, testing costs, and algorithmic calculators that incorporate Serum Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) (Vit K1) into overall healthspan optimization.