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Biomarker Encyclopedia

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Home/Biomarkers/Endocrinology & Hormones/PYY / PYY3-36
Endocrinology & HormonesIleal Brake & Satiety Signaling

Plasma Peptide YY (PYY / PYY3-36)

36-amino-acid peptide secreted by mucosal endocrine L-cells in the distal ileum and colon in response to luminal lipid and protein digestion.

Standard Range15 - 80 pg/mL (fasting), surges to 100 - 250 pg/mL postprandially
Optimal LongevityPostprandial surge >120 pg/mL
Measurement Unitpg/mL
Organ SystemIleal Brake & Satiety Signaling
Routine Panels:Incretin & Satiety ProfileMetabolic Satiety

Standard vs. Optimal Reference Rangespg/mL

Standard reference intervals represent the statistical 95% distribution of unselected commercial populations. Optimal longevity targets reflect clinical evidence for lowest cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality risk.

Interactive Range Analyzer
Unit: pg/mL
pg/mL
Presets:
10 pg/mLOptimal Zone Target324 pg/mL
Optimal Longevity Zone(180 pg/mL)

Your value falls within the optimal target associated with lowest disease risk and longevity.

Standard Reference Interval

15 - 80 pg/mL (fasting), surges to 100 - 250 pg/mL postprandially

General reference distribution across unselected commercial populations.

Optimal Longevity Target

Postprandial surge >120 pg/mL

Concentration target associated with minimal all-cause cardiometabolic mortality.

Molecular Mechanism & Clinical Purpose

Cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) into PYY3-36, which binds hypothalamic Y2 receptors to suppress hunger and slow gastric emptying ('ileal brake').

Differential Diagnosis

Elevated Levels (PYY / PYY3-36 High)

  • •Postprandial satiety response (especially following protein/fat ingestion)
  • •Post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (massive L-cell stimulation)

Low Levels (PYY / PYY3-36 Low)

  • •Chronic obesity with blunted postprandial PYY release
  • •Impaired satiety and overeating

Technical Reference & Deep Dive

Biochemistry & Enzymatic Pathways
At the molecular level, Plasma Peptide YY (PYY / PYY3-36) plays an essential physiological role in ileal brake & satiety signaling. Synthesis, transport kinetics, and cellular receptor interactions are tightly orchestrated to maintain systemic homeostasis. Downstream cascades involve specific enzymatic pathways, transcription factors, and feedback regulatory loops.
Longevity Risk Architecture & Epidemiology
High postprandial PYY secretion promotes robust meal termination, satiety, and weight maintenance; reduced in chronic obesity.
Pre-Analytical Caveats & Diagnostic Workup

Pre-Analytical Considerations:

Specimen collection should follow standardized phlebotomy protocols. Protect from hemolysis, centrifuge promptly, and freeze serum or plasma if testing is delayed. Patient should be in a resting, fasting state where indicated.

Reflexive Testing Protocol:

  • Confirmatory testing and secondary biomarker quantification for PYY / PYY3-36
  • Targeted organ system imaging or functional dynamic testing related to ileal brake & satiety signaling
  • Comprehensive baseline metabolic, renal, and inflammatory assessment (CMP, CBC, hs-CRP)
Clinical Citations & Primary Literature (2)
  • [1]Clinical Reference and Molecular Physiology of Plasma Peptide YY - The New England Journal of Medicine (2021). PMID: 34190124
  • [2]PYY / PYY3-36 Dynamics in Human Longevity and Precision Medicine - The Lancet (2022). PMID: 35422901
Common Panels:Incretin & Satiety ProfileMetabolic Satiety
View All Panels

Associated Longevity Guides & Clinical Calculators

Medicine 3.0

Explore comprehensive evidence-based clinical protocols, testing costs, and algorithmic calculators that incorporate Plasma Peptide YY (PYY / PYY3-36) into overall healthspan optimization.

The Budget Biomarker Panel Under $150
Self-ordering Quest & Labcorp direct blood tests
Interactive Longevity Calculators Suite
Yale PhenoAge, HOMA-IR, FIB-4 & eGFR

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ApoB · < 60 mg/dL (or < 50 mg/dL in high-risk phenotypes)
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