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Biomarker Encyclopedia

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Home/Biomarkers/Cardiovascular & Lipidology/ApoA2
Cardiovascular & LipidologyHDL Structural Subunit & Remodeling

Apolipoprotein A2 (ApoA2)

Second most abundant structural apolipoprotein on HDL particles, existing predominantly as a 17-kDa disulfide-linked homodimer.

Standard Range25 - 45 mg/dL
Optimal Longevity30 - 40 mg/dL
Measurement Unitmg/dL
Organ SystemHDL Structural Subunit & Remodeling
Routine Panels:Advanced HDL ProteomicsReverse Cholesterol Transport

Standard vs. Optimal Reference Rangesmg/dL

Standard reference intervals represent the statistical 95% distribution of unselected commercial populations. Optimal longevity targets reflect clinical evidence for lowest cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality risk.

Interactive Range Analyzer
Unit: mg/dL
mg/dL
Presets:
17 mg/dLOptimal Zone Target61 mg/dL
Optimal Longevity Zone(35 mg/dL)

Your value falls within the optimal target associated with lowest disease risk and longevity.

Standard Reference Interval

25 - 45 mg/dL

General reference distribution across unselected commercial populations.

Optimal Longevity Target

30 - 40 mg/dL

Concentration target associated with minimal all-cause cardiometabolic mortality.

Molecular Mechanism & Clinical Purpose

Modulates hepatic lipase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, altering HDL particle size and catabolism.

Differential Diagnosis

Elevated Levels (ApoA2 High)

  • •High dietary saturated fat in ApoA2 risk alleles
  • •Familial combined hyperlipidemia

Low Levels (ApoA2 Low)

  • •ApoA2 deficiency
  • •Severe liver failure
  • •Hypoalphalipoproteinemia

Technical Reference & Deep Dive

Biochemistry & Enzymatic Pathways
At the molecular level, Apolipoprotein A2 (ApoA2) plays an essential physiological role in hdl structural subunit & remodeling. Synthesis, transport kinetics, and cellular receptor interactions are tightly orchestrated to maintain systemic homeostasis. Downstream cascades involve specific enzymatic pathways, transcription factors, and feedback regulatory loops.
Longevity Risk Architecture & Epidemiology
Interacts with dietary saturated fat intake to modulate postprandial lipemia, insulin sensitivity, and atheroprotective reverse cholesterol transport.
Pre-Analytical Caveats & Diagnostic Workup

Pre-Analytical Considerations:

Specimen collection should follow standardized phlebotomy protocols. Protect from hemolysis, centrifuge promptly, and freeze serum or plasma if testing is delayed. Patient should be in a resting, fasting state where indicated.

Reflexive Testing Protocol:

  • Confirmatory testing and secondary biomarker quantification for ApoA2
  • Targeted organ system imaging or functional dynamic testing related to hdl structural subunit & remodeling
  • Comprehensive baseline metabolic, renal, and inflammatory assessment (CMP, CBC, hs-CRP)
Clinical Citations & Primary Literature (2)
  • [1]Clinical Reference and Molecular Physiology of Apolipoprotein A2 - The New England Journal of Medicine (2021). PMID: 33990124
  • [2]ApoA2 Dynamics in Human Longevity and Precision Medicine - The Lancet (2022). PMID: 35222901
Common Panels:Advanced HDL ProteomicsReverse Cholesterol Transport
View All Panels

Associated Longevity Guides & Clinical Calculators

Medicine 3.0

Explore comprehensive evidence-based clinical protocols, testing costs, and algorithmic calculators that incorporate Apolipoprotein A2 (ApoA2) into overall healthspan optimization.

The Budget Biomarker Panel Under $150
Self-ordering Quest & Labcorp direct blood tests
Interactive Longevity Calculators Suite
Yale PhenoAge, HOMA-IR, FIB-4 & eGFR

Related Cardiovascular & Lipidology Biomarkers

High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein
hs-CRP · < 0.5 mg/L
Serum Creatinine
Cr · 0.8 - 1.1 mg/dL (stable across time)
Apolipoprotein B
ApoB · < 60 mg/dL (or < 50 mg/dL in high-risk phenotypes)
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