Serum Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (AAT)
Major circulating serine protease inhibitor (serpin) synthesized in hepatocytes that protects alveolar elastic tissue from neutrophil elastase.
Standard vs. Optimal Reference Rangesmg/dL
Standard reference intervals represent the statistical 95% distribution of unselected commercial populations. Optimal longevity targets reflect clinical evidence for lowest cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality risk.
Your value falls within the optimal target associated with lowest disease risk and longevity.
90 - 200 mg/dL
General reference distribution across unselected commercial populations.
100 - 180 mg/dL
Concentration target associated with minimal all-cause cardiometabolic mortality.
Molecular Mechanism & Clinical Purpose
Inactivates neutrophil elastase; PiZZ genetic misfolding causes hepatocyte polymer accumulation and panacinar pulmonary emphysema.
Differential Diagnosis
Elevated Levels (AAT High)
- •Acute phase reactant elevation (infection, systemic inflammation)
- •Pregnancy / estrogen use
Low Levels (AAT Low)
- •Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (PiZZ, PiSZ phenotypes, severe COPD / cirrhosis risk)
- •Severe protein-losing enteropathy
Technical Reference & Deep Dive
Biochemistry & Enzymatic Pathways
Longevity Risk Architecture & Epidemiology
Pre-Analytical Caveats & Diagnostic Workup
Pre-Analytical Considerations:
Specimen collection should follow standardized phlebotomy protocols. Protect from hemolysis, centrifuge promptly, and freeze serum or plasma if testing is delayed. Patient should be in a resting, fasting state where indicated.
Reflexive Testing Protocol:
- Confirmatory testing and secondary biomarker quantification for AAT
- Targeted organ system imaging or functional dynamic testing related to serine protease inhibitor & lung protection
- Comprehensive baseline metabolic, renal, and inflammatory assessment (CMP, CBC, hs-CRP)
Clinical Citations & Primary Literature (2)
- [1]Clinical Reference and Molecular Physiology of Serum Alpha-1-Antitrypsin - The New England Journal of Medicine (2021). PMID: 33990124
- [2]AAT Dynamics in Human Longevity and Precision Medicine - The Lancet (2022). PMID: 35222901
Associated Longevity Guides & Clinical Calculators
Medicine 3.0Explore comprehensive evidence-based clinical protocols, testing costs, and algorithmic calculators that incorporate Serum Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (AAT) into overall healthspan optimization.